9b.+Sample+Enthymemes+and+Organic+Outlines

toc This is an ever-growing compilation of enthymemes that have been developed and used successfully in AGSD classrooms. Some of the enthymemes have sample organic outlines included.

Antony and Cleopatra Enthymeme
Antony and Cleopatra seek honorable deaths because they refuse to compromise their identities.


 * ~ Antony ||~ Cleopatra ||~ Compromise of identities ||~ honorable deaths ||
 * Summarize Antony’s past

ULTIMATE ROMAN SOLDIER

General for Julius Caesar

Strength of character

Skill in battle

Military skills

Well-liked – loyalty

Use examples || Summarize her past

BEST KNOWN FOR EGYPT INTELLECT

Started when her brother tried to take the throne

Played politics

Used Julius Caesar to her advantage

Used Antony to advantage at first || Choice between life and death

For both the choice of life came with too big a compromise

What was the compromise?

Why couldn’t they accept it? || Both wanted to recapture the honor they once had.

Talk about Antony’s death

Talk about Cleopatra’s death

How were their death’s honorable? ||

Renaissance Enthymeme
Art increased during the Renaissance because of leisure time.

Rich merchants Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Mona Lisa Frescoes Perspective Church || Rebirth Classical Greece and Rome 1300-1600 Northern Italy City/States New ideas/inventions Money/trade routes || Black Plague More jobs More money Political instability Kingdoms being formed ||
 * ~ Art ||~ Renaissance ||~ Leisure Time ||
 * Leonardo

Scandinavia Enthymeme
The Scandinavian countries have a unique physical geography because of volcanoes and glaciers.


 * ~ Scandinavian Countries ||~ unique physical geography ||~ volcanoes and glaciers ||
 * Name them, describe relative location, general human characteristics information || Use geographic terminology to describe the unique features of the region, and the effect on climate. || Use geographic terms to describe how the forces of plate movement, and volcanoes and glaciers have shaped the land. ||

Night Enthymeme
Eliezer lost his faith in God and humanity because of the Nazis.


 * ~ Eliezer ||~ Loss of faith in God ||~ Loss of faith in humanity ||~ The Nazis ||
 * Who was he?

Where was he from?

Explain Eliezer’s faith at the beginning of the memoir.

Use examples from the text to support your explanation. || When did this loss of faith begin?

How did it become more obvious to Eliezer that God was powerless or silent?

Use examples from the text and notes to support your explanation. || When did this loss of faith in his fellow man begin?

How did it become more obvious to Eliezer that in the face of unspeakable evil, people were morally weak?

Use examples from the text and notes to support your explanation || Who were the Nazi’s?

How did they engineer the Holocaust?

What do they do to make Eliezer believe that God is not present?

What do they do to make once moral men behave like animals and treat each other with cruelty?

Use examples from the text and notes to support your explanation. ||

Beowulf Enthymeme
Paganism played a role in the Christian epic of Beowulf because Christianity was still new at the time it was written.


 * ~ Paganism in Viking times ||~ Paganism in Beowulf ||~ Christianity in Beowulf ||~ Europe transitioning from Paganism to Christianity ||
 * Believed in a better after life

Cut or kill new people to see if they were human

Warrior centered society. || Burned Skyld Skefing with sword and shield

Hung up Grendel’s arm

Witches teeth superstition || Beowulf sun seeker

Worship of one God

Grendel son of Cain

Holy light of gold breastplate

Sword resembled cross || Unusual time in Europe

Christianity being established

People still held onto some superstitions and pagan practices. ||

Romeo and Juliet Enthymeme
In “Romeo and Juliet”, foreshadowing heightens passions because (to show that) the power of fate cannot be avoided.


 * ~ Foreshadowing in Romeo and Juliet ||~ Passion in Romeo and Juliet ||~ Fate is unavoidable ||
 * What is foreshadowing? Explain it.

Give some examples from the text that show foreshadowing. || What is passion? Two sides.

How does Romeo express passions?

How does Juliet express passions?

Trace the heightening of passions. || What is fate?

What is R&J’s fate?

How do they try to avoid fate? (3 characters try, what do they do?)

How do attempts to avoid fate actually seal fate? ||

The Pearl Enthymeme
Kino and Juana suffer the consequences of greed and ambition because of their innocence under oppression.

- - pray to Christian God or older “gods” - poor - Simple life – close to nature - Traditional marriage - Uneducated – illiterate - Superstitious || - Kino had ambition after he found the pearl - Pearl buyers, doctor, church had greed – they wanted the Pearl - Neighbors – a little envious – they wanted to be there if it worked out. If it worked out badly they wanted to point fingers - Consequences – did Kino deserve what he got for his ambition? - He suffered consequences for the greed of others. || - Kino and his people have lived for centuries under colonial oppression. - They are “innocent” in that they believe the lie that they should not rise above their station in life. - They believe these consequences are in some way deserved because they tried to rise above oppression. ||
 * ~ Kino and Juana ||~ consequences of greed and ambition ||~ innocence under oppression ||
 * - Religious

Z for Zachariah Enthymeme
Mr. Loomis destroys the paradise of the valley because of his paranoia and desire for power.


 * ~ Mr. Loomis ||~ Destroys the paradise of the valley ||~ Mr. Loomis' paranoia ||~ Mr. Loomis' desire for power ||
 * Enters the valley

Wearing suit

Uses Geiger counter S Swam in the creek

Got very sick

Ann took care of him || Tries to rape Ann

Shot Ann

Locked the store

Took keys from tractor

Took over crop planning

Took over her house

Took charge – told Ann what to do

Wasn’t sharing || Past experience with Edward

Past experiences with his travels

Gets worried when Ann leaves

Doesn’t trust Ann – questions everything she does. || Past experiences knowing the chaos and devastation that exists outside the valley ||


 * Ann vs. Mr. Loomis (brainstorming character traits - contrasting)**


 * ~ Ann ||~ Mr. Loomis ||
 * Farm girl

Close knit family

Teacher – wanted to help others

Spiritual/religious, ruled by her emotions

Thought a future “family”

Loves books || Scientist

No close family

No emotional connections

Makes decisions based on practical reasons – no regard for emotional connections.

Thought about “populating” the valley, not family

Only likes technical manuals that are for practical purposes. ||

Sample Enthymemes for Content Areas
//**Science**// There is a growing incidence of certain diseases in Atlantic salmon populations because of fish farming.
 * Elementary**:

The Mars Rover had problems with its operating system because of Mars’ environment.

//**Social Studies**// The Northeast United States has a high population because of immigration.

The purchase of Alaska did not interest many politicians at the time because of its perceived resource value.

//**Creative Writing**// I love beaver meat because my Athabaskan ancestors have been eating it for thousands of years.


 * Junior High:**

//**English**// Eliezer lost his faith in God and humanity because of the Nazis. (from the novel __Night__, by Elie Wiesel) = = //**Social Studies**// People crossing Beringia may have had problems with the larger animals in America because of inadequate hunting methods.

Many English protestants and Catholics fled to America because of the instability caused by Henry VIII’s family.

Spanish conquistadores did not think North America was a very promising place because of their failure to find gold.

Puritan religious orthodoxy in colonial America encouraged religious conflict because many people did not wish to live by such pious and righteous standards.


 * High School:**

//**English**// Gene has a problem with his identity because of his codependent situation with Phineas. (from the novel __A Separate Peace__ by John Knowles)

Paganism played a role in the Christian epic of __Beowulf__ because at that time, Christianity was a budding faith not yet embraced by all Anglo-Saxons. (from __Beowulf__)

Some 18th century writers satirized the British ruling class because they thought they were too flamboyantly trivial and removed from the problems of the majority. (from __Gulliver’s Travels__, by Jonathan Swift, and __The Rape of the Lock__, by Alexander Pope)

Macbeth’s tragedy results from the temptations of an easily misinterpreted prophecy, because he was a decent person until the witches tempted his weaknesses. (from __Macbeth__, by William Shakespeare)

//**Science**// Drinking alcohol may cause muscle spasms because of loss of potassium. = = //**Social Studies**// Cluniacs had problems with reform because they succumbed to the same temptations as the Benedictines.

Homeless kids in Central America have a problem with law enforcement officials because of corruption.

Sample Middle and High School Enthymemes
People crossing Beringia may have had problems with the larger animals in America because of inadequate hunting methods. Several opportune events that happened in the 15th century lead to the discovery of America because people wanted to learn more.
 * Prepaid bank cards can be a helpful learning tool for me at age 14 because they can help me manage my money. || Paganism played a role in the Christian epic of Beowulf because at that time, Christianity was a budding faith not yet embraced by all Anglo-Saxons. ||


 * Prepaid bank cards could be a big mistake for me because I have a tendency to overspend. || Some 17th and 18th century writers made fun of the ruling class because they thought they were too flamboyantly trivial and removed from the problems of the majority. ||
 * Explorers of the 16th century were not satisfied with what they found because all they wanted were gold and spices. || Legalized euthanasia can be a bad thing for terminally ill patients because there are too many ways the system can be abused. || Macbeth’s tragedy results from the temptations of an easily misinterpreted prophecy, because he was a decent person until the witches tempted his weaknesses. ||
 * Many English protestants and Catholics fled to America because of the instability caused by Henry VIII’s family. || Legalized euthanasia can be a good thing for terminally ill patients because it offers a chance for a dignified death. ||  ||
 * Spanish conquistadores did not think North America was a very promising place because of their failure to find gold. || Gene has a problem with his identity because of his codependent situation with Phineas. || Cluniacs had problems with reform because they succumbed to the same temptations as the Benedictines. ||
 * Puritan religious orthodoxy encouraged religious conflict because many people did not wish to live by such pious and righteous standards. || Beowulf is motivated to be good and Unferth is motivated to be evil because of what they are able to see within themselves. ||  ||
 * Cluniacs had problems with reform because they succumbed to the same temptations as the Benedictines. || Homeless kids in Central America have a problem with law enforcement officials because of corruption. ||  ||